Physiology is explained by which principles?

Physiology is explained by which principles?

• A. Chemical and physical
• B. Biological and chemical
• C. Electrical and chemical
• D. Social and psychological

Answer: (A)

Chemical and physical principles explain physiology because how the body works emerges from how molecules interact and how energy and forces move matter. On the chemical side, reactions, enzyme activity, ion binding, and metabolic pathways depend on chemical properties and bonds. On the physical side, diffusion, osmosis, membrane transport, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and electrical potentials determine how substances move and how organs perform their tasks. Together, these principles describe how systems function and respond to changes in the environment. Social or psychological factors influence behavior, but they don’t define the mechanisms behind physiological function.

Chemical and physical principles explain physiology because how the body works emerges from how molecules interact and how energy and forces move matter. On the chemical side, reactions, enzyme activity, ion binding, and metabolic pathways depend on chemical properties and bonds. On the physical side, diffusion, osmosis, membrane transport, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and electrical potentials determine how substances move and how organs perform their tasks. Together, these principles describe how systems function and respond to changes in the environment. Social or psychological factors influence behavior, but they don’t define the mechanisms behind physiological function.